Low Residential Study

Overview

The County Board has directed staff to study potential amendments to the Arlington County Zoning Ordinance (ACZO) to support better stormwater and tree canopy outcomes in low density residential neighborhoods over time.

Despite Arlington’s existing lot coverage and stormwater management regulations, impervious area is increasing Countywide. The majority of this increase in impervious area is happening in low density residential neighborhoods in Arlington.

Impervious area increases the risk of flooding and extreme heat, which are the two most dangerous weather threats facing Arlington today.

To help mitigate these risks and improve climate resilience, Arlington’s County Board has established a goal of adopting a maximum impervious area requirement in residentially zoned areas of Arlington. This would help support Arlington’s goals to:

  1. Improve the stormwater system
  2. Expand Arlington's tree canopy

Addressing the decades-long rise in impervious area will boost Arlington’s ability to meet these critical climate resilience goals.

Lot Coverage Limits

Arlington County has had lot coverage limits in place since 1942. Arlington last revised the lot coverage limits in 2005, when the limits were lowered to address concerns about loss of open space and trees, houses that are out-of-scale with their neighborhoods and increased paved areas.

Although the Zoning Ordinance regulates lot coverage, not all paved surfaces are defined as lot coverage. With average home sizes increasing over the past few decades, many lots are reaching their maximum lot coverage limit based only on the size of the home and driveway.

Some types of impervious surfaces, such as patios or walkways, can be added incrementally without triggering zoning or stormwater regulations. These incremental additions of paved surfaces create more stormwater runoff and reduce space for planting trees to help increase Arlington’s tree canopy.

  

 

Low Residential Study Map Viewer Screen Capture

 

more impervious area leads to an increase in extreme heat and flooding, as well as less space for tree canopy growth.

 

 

Background

Background Information

November 2024 County Board Work Session

A slide from the Impervious Cover Trends presentation, displaying a chart which shows impervious cover trends over time.

This work session took place on Nov. 13, 2024, and shares details about impervious cover and tree canopy trends.

January 2025 County Manager's Report

Preview of the Impervious Surface Cover and Tree Canopy in Low Residential Areas presentation, slide one.

The Impervious Surface Cover and Tree Canopy in Low Residential Areas Presentation was presented on Jan. 28, 2025, and provides a summary of the Study objectives and potential primary pathways of study following the Nov. 13, 2025 County Board Session. The Board asked staff to analyze and recommend new impervious area limits to the County's Zoning Ordinance.

  • Impervious Surface Cover and Tree Canopy in Low Residential Areas Presentation:  English (PDF)

February 2025 County Manager's Report

Preview of the LRS Development Study Draft Study Charge

The Low Residential Development Study Draft Study Charge was presented at the County Board recessed meeting on Feb. 25, 2025. It provides an overview of the objective and goals for the Low Residential Study (LRS). The LRS proposed charge is intended to be focused on low residential districts. A more detailed scope will be presented at the May Board meeting.

  • County Board Recessed Meeting: Recording
  • Low Residential Development Study Draft Study Charge: English (PDF)

May 2025 County Manager's Report

LRS County Board Briefing Presentation, Slide one (May 2025).

The Low Residential Study (LRS) Board Briefing Presentation was presented at the County Board recessed meeting on May 13, 2025. It provides additional details about the LRS, including next steps, a preliminary timeline and an engagement plan. 

  • County Board Recessed Meeting: Agenda
  • Low Residential Study County Board Briefing: English (PDF)


Objectives

Objectives

Image shows an increase in impervious area on a home in Arlington County.

The study will analyze and recommend limits for maximum allowable impervious area in residentially zoned areas.  The study will also consider whether to:

  • Keep lot coverage requirements alongside new impervious area limits;
  • Include minimum contiguous plantable area requirements;
  • Adjust existing placement (yard and setback) requirements to allow for increased contiguous tree canopy conservation and planting; and
  • Establish impervious area limits based on lot size or zoning district.

 

The recommendations will be informed by and address:

  • Benefits for stormwater and tree canopy;
  • Impacts to property owners;
  • Dynamics for older and newer homes;
  • Equity; and
  • Administrative costs and enforcement.

 

The study will not:

  • Recommend changes to existing maximum main building footprint or height limits;
  • Recommend absolute total square footage limits for lot coverage; or
  • Consider any potential changes to the definition of lot coverage in the Zoning Ordinance

Low Residential Study Map Viewer

Timeline

Timeline

The study will involve three phases from fall 2025 through the end of 2026. You’ll be able to share your thoughts throughout the entire process in the form of questionnaires, in-person public events and online tools. The final phase will be developing the zoning ordinance amendments for the public hearing in winter 2026. Public participation will ensure the study reflects the feedback of the community.

Understanding the Issues in fall 2025, Develop Policy Options in winter 2026, Feedback on Policy Options in spring/summer 2026 and develop Zoning Ordinance amendments in fall 2026 with community outreach and engagement through the entire process.

 

This timeline is tentative.

 

Fall 2025 – Phase 1 of community engagement to develop a shared understanding of the issues

Winter 2026 -  Summarize feedback from community engagement and begin to develop policy options

Spring 2026 -  Phase 2 of community engagement on draft policy options

Summer 2026 – Summarize feedback on policy options and begin drafting language for zoning amendments

Fall 2026 – Phase 3 of engagement on draft zoning amendments

Winter 2026 – Public Hearings on zoning amendments

Engagement

Engagement

The County will conduct an extensive engagement process with multiple opportunities for stakeholders to participate and provide feedback.  The process will kick off in fall 2025.

If you'd like to receive updates about the engagement process, please provide your email address at the bottom to join our email updates distribution list.

 

Glossary

Impervious Area

A surface composed of any material that significantly impedes or prevents natural infiltration of water into the soil. Impervious surfaces include, but are not limited to roofs, buildings, streets, parking areas, pools and any concrete, asphalt or compacted gravel surface.

Low Density Neighborhoods

Areas where homes are spaced further apart, and there is more open space compared to high-density areas. These neighborhoods often feature:

  • Single-family homes: Most of the residences are individual houses rather than apartments or multi-family units.
  • Larger lots: Homes are built on larger plots of land, providing more space for yards and gardens.
  • Zoning regulations: These areas are often zoned to limit the number of homes per acre, ensuring a less crowded environment.
  • Impervious surfaces: These neighborhoods have a significant amount of impervious surfaces like buildings, driveways, walkways, and patios, which impact stormwater management and tree canopy dynamics.

In Arlington County, low-density residential areas are primarily zoned R5-20, representing about 70% of the private land. These zones are where impervious surfaces are increasing the most, affecting stormwater and tree impacts

Lot Coverage

Arlington’s Zoning Ordinance requires lots with one- and two-family dwellings to limit the maximum coverage of their lot to a specific percentage of the lot's total area. The maximum coverage limit for a given lot is determined by:

  • The lot’s zoning district classification;
  • Presence of a detached garage; and
  • Whether the dwelling has a front porch of at least 60 square feet.

The lot coverage limits include maximum requirements for the size of a main building footprint, measured in square feet. Main building footprints must adhere to separate, but inclusive, maximum coverage percentages.

Read more about how lot coverage requirements are calculated.

 

 

                            

Contact the Team

Project Managers

Aileen Winquist
703-228-3610

Nick Rogers
703-228-0035

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